Hari inganda nyinshi za LCD zishobora gukora ikoranabuhanga rya ecran ya LCD, muri zo harimo LG Display, BOE, Samsung, AUO, Sharp, TIANMA n'izindi zose zihagarariye abandi. Bamaze imyaka myinshi bakora ikoranabuhanga mu gukora, kandi buri imwe ifite ubushobozi butandukanye bwo guhangana. Umusaruro Ecran za LCD zikorwa zifite isoko rinini kandi ni zo zitanga serivisi zisanzwe. Uyu munsi, turabagezaho mu buryo burambuye abatanga ecran ya LCD ni bande?
1. BOE
BOE ni ikigo gisanzwe gihagarariye uruganda rutanga ecran za LCD mu Bushinwa, kikaba ari nacyo gikora ecran nini cyane mu Bushinwa. Kuri ubu, umubare w’ecran za LCD zitangwa na BOE mu bijyanye na mudasobwa zo mu bwoko bwa laptop na terefone zigendanwa wageze ku mwanya wa mbere ku isi. Ikomeje gukora ecran za LCD ku bicuruzwa mu nganda z’ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga nka Huawei na Lenovo. Izi nganda ziherereye kandi i Beijing, Chengdu, Hefei, Ordos, na Chongqing, Fuzhou n’ahandi mu gihugu.
2. LG
LG Display ni iya LG Group yo muri Koreya y'Epfo, ishobora gukora ubwoko butandukanye bwa ecran za LCD. Kuri ubu, itanga ecran za LCD kuri Apple, HP, Dell, Sony, Philips n'ibindi bikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga.
3. Samsung
Samsung ni yo sosiyete nini cyane ikora ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga muri Koreya y'Epfo. Ubu ikora ecran za LCD zagabanutse ubunini ariko igumana ubuziranenge bwo hejuru. Ifite ikoranabuhanga ry'ibanze mu gukora ecran za LCD kandi ibicuruzwa byayo byoherezwa hirya no hino ku isi.
4. Innolux
Innolux ni ikigo gikora ikoranabuhanga muri Tayiwani, mu Bushinwa. Gikora paneli za LCD zuzuye n'paneli zo gukoraho mu bunini bunini, buciriritse n'ubuto. Gifite itsinda rikomeye rya tekiniki kandi gikora ecran za LCD ku bakiriya nka Apple, Lenovo, HP, na Nokia.
5. AUO
AUO ni ikigo kinini ku isi gishinzwe gushushanya, gukora ubushakashatsi no guteza imbere, gukora no kwamamaza ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki. Icyicaro cyayo kiri muri Tayiwani, kandi inganda zayo ziherereye muri Suzhou, Kunshan, Xiamen n'ahandi. Ikora ecran za LCD za Lenovo, ASUS, Samsung n'abandi bakiriya.
6. Toshiba
Toshiba ni ikigo mpuzamahanga, icyicaro cyacyo cy’Ubuyapani ni ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi n’iterambere, kandi ibikorwa byacyo biri i Shenzhen, Ganzhou n’ahandi. Ishobora gukora ecran nshya za SED LCD zifite ikoranabuhanga rihanitse.
7. Tianma Microelectronics
Tianma Microelectronics ni ikigo kinini cyanditswe ku rutonde rw’abakorerabushake gihuza ubushakashatsi n’iterambere, igishushanyo, ikorwa, igurishwa na serivisi z’amashusho ya LCD. Ecran za LCD zikorwa kandi zigakorwa zikoreshwa cyane cyane na VIVO, OPPO, Xiaomi, Huawei n’andi masosiyete.
8. Ikigo cy'ikoranabuhanga cya Hunan Future
Hunan Future ni ikigo gihanga mu ikoranabuhanga gihanga mu bushakashatsi no guteza imbere, gushushanya, gukora no kugurisha ibikoresho byo kwerekana kristale y'amazi n'ibindi bikoresho biyifasha. Yiyemeje kuba ikigo gikuru mu rwego rwo kwerekana ku isi, giha abakiriya ibikoresho bisanzwe kandi byihariye byo kwerekana kristale y'amazi Solution, ikigo cyihariye mu gukora no gukoresha ibicuruzwa bitandukanye bya LCD ya monochrome na monochrome, LCM y'amabara (harimo na modules za TFT z'amabara). Ubu ibicuruzwa by'ikigo bikubiyemo LCD nka TN, HTN, STN, FSTN, DFSTN, na VA, LCM nka COB, COG, na TFT, n'ibindi bikoresho bitandukanye by'ikoranabuhanga nka TP, OLED, n'ibindi.
Kuva ikoranabuhanga ryo kwerekana kristale y'amazi (LCD) ryatangira gukoreshwa mu 1968, ikoranabuhanga ryakomeje gutera imbere no kuzamuka, kandi ibicuruzwa bya terminal byinjiriye mu bice byose by'umusaruro n'ubuzima bw'abantu. Bitewe n'iterambere rihoraho ry'ikoranabuhanga, ikoranabuhanga rya OLED ryagiye rigaragara buhoro buhoro mu rwego rushya rwo kwerekana, ariko LCD iracyari ikoranabuhanga risanzwe.
Nyuma y’imyaka myinshi y’iterambere, ubushobozi bwo gukora paneli za LCD bwakomeje kwimurirwa mu gihugu cyanjye, kandi hari abakora paneli za LCD bahanganye benshi. Kuri ubu, inganda zikora paneli za LCD zaragarutse buhoro buhoro kandi byitezwe ko zitangira urundi rugendo rushya rw’iterambere.
(1) Ikoranabuhanga rishya mu bijyanye no kwerekana riri gutera imbere, kandi LCD iracyafata umwanya munini cyane
Muri iki gihe, LCD na OLED ni zo nzira ebyiri zikoreshwa cyane mu ikoranabuhanga mu bijyanye no kwerekana amashusho mashya. Zombi zifite imiterere yazo n'inyungu zazo mu bijyanye n'ikoranabuhanga n'ikoreshwa ryazo, bityo hariho ipiganwa mu bihe byinshi byo kwerekana amashusho. Diode zitanga urumuri rw'umwimerere (OLED), zizwi kandi nka displays za electro-laser organic na semiconductors zitanga urumuri rw'umwimerere, zishobora guhindura ingufu z'amashanyarazi mu buryo butaziguye ingufu z'urumuri rw'ibintu bya semiconductor organic. Utwuma dukoresha ikoranabuhanga rya OLED ntitugomba gukoresha modules z'urumuri rw'inyuma. Ariko, bitewe n'ibura ry'ibikoresho by'ingenzi bya OLED, kwishingikiriza ku gutumizwa mu mahanga kw'ibikoresho by'ingenzi, umusaruro muke w'ibicuruzwa n'ibiciro biri hejuru, nibindi. Ukurikije inzira y'inganda za OLED ku isi, iterambere rya OLED riracyari mu cyiciro cya mbere, kandi LCD iracyafite umwanya ukomeye cyane.
Dukurikije amakuru ya Sihan Consulting, ikoranabuhanga rya TFT-LCD rizaba ringana na 71% by'ikoranabuhanga rishya ryo kwerekana mu 2020. TFT-LCD ikoresha transistor array iri ku gice cy'ikirahure cy'ikimenyetso cya crystal y'amazi kugira ngo buri pixel ya LCD ibe ifite switch yigenga ya semiconductor. Buri pixel ishobora kugenzura crystal y'amazi hagati y'ibirahure bibiri binyuze mu mivuduko y'ingingo, ni ukuvuga ko kugenzura buri pixel "point-to-point" bishobora gukorwa binyuze mu mivuduko ikora. Igishushanyo nk'iki gifasha kunoza umuvuduko w'igisubizo cya ecran y'ikimenyetso cya crystal y'amazi kandi gishobora kugenzura ibara ry'umukara ry'ijimye, bityo bigatuma amabara y'ishusho aba nyayo kandi arusheho kuba meza.
Muri icyo gihe, ikoranabuhanga rya LCD naryo rikomeje gutera imbere, rigaragaza imbaraga nshya, kandi ikoranabuhanga ryo kwerekana ubuso bugose ryabaye imwe mu ntambwe nshya mu ikoranabuhanga rya LCD. Ubujyakuzimu bw'ishusho bukorwa no kugosoka kwa ecran yo kwerekana igose butuma ishusho iba nyayo kandi ikungahaye, byongera uburyo bwo kwinjizwa mu maso, bigabanya umupaka ukomeye hagati y'ishusho yo mu buryo bwa virtual n'ukuri, bigabanya intera iri hagati y'ishusho y'inkombe ku mpande zombi za ecran n'ijisho ry'umuntu, kandi bikagira ishusho iringaniye. Kunoza urwego rwo kureba. Muri byo, ikoranabuhanga rya LCD rihindura ubuso rica mu buryo buhamye bwa module zo kwerekana LCD mu ikoranabuhanga rikora ibintu byinshi, kandi rigahindura ubwisanzure module zo kwerekana LCD mu buryo bugose no kwerekana mu buryo butaziguye, bigatuma abakoresha bashobora guhindura ibyabo hakurikijwe ibyo bakeneye. Kanda urufunguzo kugira ngo uhindure hagati y'imiterere igororotse n'igororotse, kandi umenye uburyo bwo kureba mu bihe bitandukanye nko mu biro, mu mikino, no mu myidagaduro, kandi uhuze no guhindura ahantu henshi.
(2) Kwimura ubushobozi bwo gukora LCD mu Bushinwa mu buryo bwihuse
Kuri ubu, inganda za LCD zikorera mu Buyapani, Koreya y'Epfo, Tayiwani, no mu Bushinwa. Ubushinwa bwatangiye nyuma y'igihe gito, ariko bwateye imbere cyane mu myaka ya vuba aha. Mu 2005, ubushobozi bwo gukora LCD mu Bushinwa bwari 3% gusa by'isi yose, ariko mu 2020, ubushobozi bwo gukora LCD mu Bushinwa bwazamutse bugera kuri 50%.
Mu gihe cyo guteza imbere inganda za LCD mu gihugu cyanjye, havutse inganda nyinshi zikora amapine ya LCD zihanganye, nka BOE, Shenzhen Tianma, na China Star Optoelectronics. Amakuru ya Omdia agaragaza ko muri 2021, BOE izaba iya mbere mu kohereza amapane ya televiziyo ya LCD ku isi yose aho miliyoni 62.28 z’ibicuruzwa bitangwa, bingana na 23.20% by’isoko. Uretse iterambere ryihuse ry’ibigo mu gihugu cyanjye, bitewe n’ishami ry’abakozi ku isi ndetse n’ivugurura n’ifungurwa ry’igihugu cyanjye, ibigo by’amahanga nka Samsung Display yo muri Koreya y’Epfo na LG Display nabyo byashoye imari mu nganda no mu gihugu cyanjye, ibyo bikaba byaragize ingaruka nziza ku iterambere ry’inganda za LCD mu gihugu cyanjye.
(3) Isoko ry'ibikoresho byo kwerekana ryarazamutse kandi ritangira urugendo rushya rwo kuzamuka
Dukurikije amakuru ajyanye n'ibiciro by'ibikoresho bya "panels", nyuma y'Ukwakira 2022, igabanuka ry'ibiciro bya "panels" ryagabanutse cyane, kandi ibiciro bya "panels" zimwe na zimwe byariyongereye. Ku kwezi, 2/3/10/13/20 amadolari y'Amerika / igice, ibiciro bya "panels" bikomeje kwiyongera, byongeye kongera izamuka ry'ibiciro. Mbere yaho, bitewe n'igabanuka ry'ibiciro by'ikoranabuhanga, ikoreshwa ry'ibikoresho rirenze urugero n'igabanuka ry'ibiciro mu nganda za "panels", ibiciro bya "panels" byakomeje kugabanuka, ndetse n'abakora "panels" nabo bagabanya cyane umusaruro. Nyuma y'igice cy'umwaka barangije kugura ibikoresho, ibiciro bya "panels" bizahagarara buhoro buhoro kandi bihame kuva mu mpera za 2022 kugeza mu ntangiriro za 2023, kandi uruhererekane rw'ibikoresho rurimo gusubira ku rwego rusanzwe rw'ibikoresho. Kuri ubu, impande z'ibicuruzwa n'ibikenewe biri ku rwego rwo hasi, kandi nta mpamvu yo kugabanya cyane ibiciro bya "panels" muri rusange, kandi "panels" yagaragaje ko izamuka ry'ibiciro. Dukurikije amakuru aturuka muri Omdia, ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi cy’inganda zikora ubushakashatsi ku nganda zikora amashusho, nyuma yo kubona umusaruro mu 2022, ingano y’isoko ry’amashusho ryitezweho kuzana iterambere ry’imyaka itandatu ikurikiranye, riteganijwe kwiyongera kuva kuri miliyari 124.2 z’amadolari y’Amerika mu 2023 kugera kuri miliyari 143.9 z’amadolari y’Amerika mu 2028, ubwiyongere bwa 15.9%. Inganda zikora amashusho zigiye kuzana ibintu bitatu by’ingenzi: igihe cyo kuvugurura, gutanga no gukenera, n’igiciro. Muri 2023, biteganijwe ko hatangira urwego rushya rw’iterambere. Gusubira inyuma kw’inganda zikora amashusho byanatumye ubushobozi bw’abakora amashusho bwazamuka. Dukurikije amakuru aturuka mu kigo cy’ubushakashatsi cya Huajing, ubushobozi bw’Abashinwa bwo gukora amashusho ya LCD buzaba metero kare miliyoni 175.99 muri 2020, kandi biteganijwe ko buzaba bugeze kuri metero kare miliyoni 286.33 mu 2025, ubwiyongere bwa 62.70%.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-08-2023
