Ecran ya LCD ni iki?

Mu nganda zigezweho, imodoka, ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga bikoreshwa n'abantu n'ibindi, ecran ya crystal y'amazi (LCD) imaze igihe kinini ari ingenzi cyane. Kuva ku igenzura ry'ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi kugeza ku isura y'ibikoresho by'imodoka, kuva ku ikarita y'imodoka kugeza ku mikorere y'ibikoresho bya photovoltaic, LCD ikoreshwa cyane mu nganda zitandukanye hamwe n'ibyiza byayo byo kudahungabana, kuzigama ingufu no gusobanutse neza. Ariko, ku baguzi benshi n'abakora, haracyari ibibazo byinshi ku ihame ry'ingenzi, ishyirwa mu byiciro n'ibintu bifatika bya LCD. Muri iki gihe, nk'uruganda rw'umwuga rumaze imyaka 21 rukora LCD, Future iguha ubumenyi bwuzuye ku bumenyi buzwi bwa LCD, igufasha gusobanukirwa vuba imiterere y'ingenzi n'imiterere y'ishyirwa mu byiciro bya LCD, kandi itanga icyitegererezo cyo guhitamo no kugura.

Mbere na mbere, reka dusobanure neza ibisobanuro by'ingenzi: LCD, yitwa Liquid Crystal Display, nini igikoresho cyo kwerekana urumuri gikoresha imiterere y'urumuri rwa kristu y'amazi kugira ngo cyerekane amashusho n'inyuguti binyuze mu kugenzura imiterere y'uturemangingo twa kristu y'amazi. Ugereranyije n'icyerekanwa gisanzwe cya CRT, LCD ifite ibyiza byo kuba ntoya, uburemere bworoshye, ingufu nke, nta mirasire n'icyerekanwa gisobanutse, kandi ni imwe mu ikoranabuhanga rikoreshwa cyane mu kwerekana urumuri ku isi. Ihame ryayo ry'ingenzi ntirigoye: kristu y'amazi ubwayo ntitanga urumuri, kandi igomba kwishingikiriza ku gice cy'urumuri rw'inyuma kugira ngo itange isoko y'urumuri, kandi icyerekezo cyo kuzenguruka kwa kristu y'amazi kigenzurwa na electrodes kugira ngo ihindure inguni y'urumuri rwinjiramo n'urumuri, bityo ikagaragaza amashusho n'inyuguti zitandukanye kuri ecran. Mu magambo make, LCD ni nk'"urumuri". Mu kugenzura imiterere ya kristu y'amazi, urumuri rushobora kugenzurwa neza, hanyuma akazi ko kwerekana kakarangira.

Dukurikije imiterere n'imiterere y'urumuri rw'amazi rwa kristu, LCD zigabanyijemo ibice byinshi: TN LCD, VA LCD, STN LCD na FSTN LCD, muri zo TN na VA ni ubwoko bukoreshwa cyane mu nganda, mu binyabiziga no mu zindi nzego, kandi ni nabyo bicuruzwa by'ingenzi bya Feiyoute.

1、TN LCD (Twisted Nematic LCD). Iyi ni yo bwoko bwa LCD isanzwe kandi ikoreshwa cyane, kandi ni yo ikoreshwa cyane mu nganda muri iki gihe. Ibyiza byayo by'ingenzi ni igisubizo cyihuse (ubusanzwe 1-5ms), ikoreshwa ry'ingufu nke, ikiguzi cyo kugenzurwa, no kudahungabana neza, bishobora guhuza n'ibikenewe bikomeye mu nganda. Ingorane ya TN LCD ni uko inguni yo kureba ari ntoya cyane, kandi ihinduka ry'amabara rizagaragara iyo irebewe ku nguni nini, ariko ishobora guhaza byuzuye ibikenewe mu bihe byinshi byo gukoresha hamwe n'inguni imwe yo kureba nko kugenzura inganda n'ibipimo by'ingufu. Feiyoute imaze imyaka 21 ikora cyane mu bijyanye na TN LCD, yamenye ikoranabuhanga ry'ibanze, kandi agera ku musaruro wa 99.5% ku murongo mushya w'inganda, itanga ibicuruzwa bya TN LCD bihamye kandi bihendutse ku ngufu z'amashanyarazi, kugenzura inganda n'ibindi.

2、VA LCD (Vertical Alignment LCD). Ibyiza by'ingenzi bya VA LCD ni igipimo cyo kugereranya cyane (ubusanzwe kirenze 3000: 1), kongera amabara menshi no kureba mu buryo bwagutse, bishobora kugumana ingaruka nziza zo kwerekana ku mfuruka zitandukanye, kandi birakwiriye ahantu hasaba ubwiza bwo kwerekana, nk'ibikoresho by'imodoka, kugenzura amashanyarazi n'ibikoresho byo kugenzura imikorere y'inganda. Ugereranyije na TN LCD, umuvuduko wo gusubiza wa VA LCD ugenda buhoro, ariko hamwe no kunoza ikoranabuhanga, yashoboye guhaza ibyifuzo by'imodoka nyinshi n'inganda. Umusaruro w'ibicuruzwa bya VA LCD bya Feiyoute ugera kuri 98%. Binyuze mu kunoza imikorere, umuvuduko wo gutuza no gusubiza ibicuruzwa urushaho kunozwa mugihe ukomeza gutandukanya cyane, byujuje ibisabwa n'imirongo ihagaze neza.

3、STN LCD (Super Twisted Nematic LCD), ikimenyetso cya super twisted nematic liquid crystal display, ni verisiyo ya TN LCD ivuguruye. Mu kunoza inguni ya twist ya molekile za crystal y'amazi, inguni yo kugereranya no kureba irarushaho kuba nziza, ifite imiterere yo gukoresha ingufu nke no kudahungabana cyane. Ifite uburyo bwinshi bwo kuyikoresha, kandi igice cyayo cy'imbere kibereye ibikoresho by'inganda, paneli zo kugenzura ingufu, ibikoresho bigendanwa, ecran zifasha imodoka zo mu rwego rwo hasi n'izindi scene. Feiyoute ishobora gutanga ibikoresho bya STN LCD byihariye kugira ngo bihuze n'imimerere igoye yo gukora mu nganda nyinshi.

4、FSTN LCD (Filimu ya Super Twisted Nematic LCD), ni verisiyo yongerewe ya twisted nematic LCD (TN), ikemura ikibazo cy'inguni nto yo kureba no kugabanya isura ya ecran ya TN binyuze mu kunoza inguni yo kureba no kugabanya isura binyuze muri filime yo kwishyura, kandi ifite ibyiza byo gukoresha ingufu nke no kudahungabana cyane kwa ecran ya TN. Ifite uburyo bwinshi bwo kuyikoresha, kandi igice cyayo cy'imbere kibereye ibikoresho by'inganda, ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi, ecran y'inyongera iri ku modoka n'ahandi hantu. Feiyoute ishobora gutanga ibikoresho bya FSTN LCD byihariye kugira ngo bihuze n'ibisabwa mu gihe cy'akazi gakomeye.

Nk'ikigo cy'igihugu gishinzwe ikoranabuhanga rihanitse gifite uburambe bw'imyaka 21 mu gukora LCD, Feiyoute yibanda ku bushakashatsi, iterambere, umusaruro no guhindura TN na VA LCD, kandi itanga ibisubizo bya LCD byihariye ku nganda zitandukanye zifite sisitemu nziza y'ubushakashatsi n'iterambere, kugenzura ubuziranenge n'imirongo igezweho y'ibikorwa. Byaba ari ibicuruzwa by'ibanze bya TN LCD cyangwa ibicuruzwa bya VA LCD byo ku rwego rwo hejuru, Feiyoute ishobora guhaza ibyifuzo bitandukanye by'abakiriya ifite umusaruro mwinshi kandi ihamye, kandi igafasha abakiriya kunoza ubushobozi bwabo bwo guhangana n'ibindi bicuruzwa.